Green Glossary

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Ingredient Glossary

You can choose a letter from the list below to jump straight to that section, or you can browse through all of our ingredients.

Abietic Acid: Plant derived; Obtained from pine rosin. Used as a texturizer in soaps.

Abrasives: The most frequently used are calcium carbonate (chalk) and, in toothpaste, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate.

Absolutes: Plant derived; Pure essential oils acquired from plants (mostly flowers) and used in products as natural fragrance additives.

Acacia Gum: Plant derived; A soothing mucilage, thickener, formula stabilizer and film-forming agent harvested from the stem, or trunk, of the acacia tree. It’s also known as gum arabic and catechu.

Acerola Berry: Plant derived; Rich in sugars, minerals & flavonoids. A powerful source of natural vitamin C that helps stimulate connective tissue formation and the collagen-elastin network. Greatly improves skin’s strength, flexibility and firmness.

Acid Rinse: Extremely useful for eliminating soap films from the hair after shampooing. A mixture of vinegar or lemon juice and water is a common one.

After Shave: A perfumed liquid usually containing alcohol used to soothe the skin after shaving. May contain menthol to cool irritated skin.

Agar-Agar Gum: Plant derived; Extracted from red seaweed. It is primarily used as a gelling agent, but is also utilized for its emulsifying and stabilizing properties.

Ahas: (Alphahydroxy Acids) AHAs help loosen the glue-like lipids in the skin. When used in combination with BHAs, their effects are compounded. There are many varieties of alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) found in plants, vegetables and fruits, but five in particular have been scientifically proven to be the most beneficial. These five include glycolic, lactic, citric, malic and tartaric acids. Glycolic acid, from the heart of the raw cane sugar plant, has the smallest molecular structure, allowing for the deepest penetration. Next comes lactic from milk, followed by citric from citrus fruit, malic, found abundantly in apples, and tartaric from fruit fermentation, similar to that found in wine sediment. AHAs help speed exfoliation and stimulate cellular renewal, increase skin’s thickness, reduce the number of abnormal cells while softening, moisturizing and hydrating. By speeding up the skin’s natural exfoliation process, tone and texture is improved, while pores remain clear. AHAs also help boost the production of new collagen in the skin where the dermis and epidermis meet, which improves skin firmness and elasticity.

Alcohol: A group of compounds that includes ethanol, methanol, and others.

Algae: Plant; Used as thickening agents, water-binding agents, and anti-oxidants, algae contains the same vital nutrients, trace elements, and amino acids present in human blood plasma. Because of this, they can penetrate the skin more readily than most other ingredients. Minerals from algae are rich in anti-oxidants, vitamins, and mucilage that can protect, hydrate and soften the skin. There are more than 20,000 different known species of algae.

Alkanet Root: Plant; Alkanna tinctoria is also known as dyer's bugloss, Spanish bugloss or bugloss of Languedoc. Its name comes from the Spanish word alcana, from Arabic al-hena. Alkanet is grown in the south of France and on the shores of the Levant. It has a dark red root of blackish appearance externally but inside showing a blue-red meat, surrounding a whitish core. Its root yields a fine red coloring matter which has been used as a natural colorant.

Alkyloamides: Synthetic; Groups of synthetic fatty acids designated as DEA, MEA, MIPA, and PEG. Used for thickening, gelling, emulsifying, emolliency, skin and hair conditioning, foam boosting, foam stabilizing, wetting, opacifying, lubricating, powder binding, skin protecting, fungicidal properties, and superfatting. Found in shampoos, bubble baths, and liquid hand and body cleansers. Harmful when contaminated by nitrosamines and harmful to the environment.

Allantoin: Plant derived; A natural compound occurring in herbs such as comfrey, wheat and sugar beets. It can also be extracted from the urine of most animals, including humans (urea). It is an effective healing agent that is easily absorbed through the skin helping to promote cellular renewal. It has a soothing and softening effect on the skin.

Almond Glycerides: Plant derived; An emollient compound of fatty acids derived from almond, combined with glycerin that softens, smoothes, and soothes rough irregular skin. Helps strengthen the skin's moisture barrier.

Almond Meal: Plant derived; The residue that remains after almond oil has been expressed; it is an excellent meal to use for exfoliation, because it is gentle and non-irritating.

Almond Oil: Plant derived; Oil obtained from pressing almonds that is high in moisturizing fatty acids. Excellent emollient high in oleic, linoleic and other fatty acids, ideal in the treatment of dry skin. Soothes and moisturizes while easily penetrating the skin.

Aloe Barbadenis Leaf Extract: Plant; Moisturizer, emollient, wound healer, pain reliever. Stimulates local circulation.

Aloe Vera Gel: Plant derived; A manno-protein containing 18 amino acids, called "wound healng hormones". Clinically tested to stimulate cell-growth in damaged skin, together with its aspirin-like effect in wounds and burnt tissues, aloe vera is a natural ingredient of choice in many formulas .It has remarkable healing properties that can draw and hold oxygen to the skin. B- It is one of the most effective cellular renewal ingredients available. C- The plants composition is similar to that of human blood plasma and seawater and, because its pH is the same as the human skin, it is extremely soothing and protective. It is a natural astringent!

Alpha Hydroxy Acids: Plant derived; Group of acids that appear naturally in fruit. Used in toners, creams, and masks to exfoliate and moisturize the skin. Can be a skin irritant causing redness and rashes.

Alpha Tocopherol (Vitamin E): In terms of skin health and skin care, Vitamin E benefits are numerous. In fact, skin care products that contain vitamin e have become an essential part of healthy skin care. Vitamin e is vital in protecting skin cells from ultra violet light, pollution, drugs, and other elements that produce cell damaging free radicals. It is believed that vitamin e is most effective in its natural alcohol form rather than its acetate form where it is a less effective antioxidant.

Amigel: A polysaccharide containing glucose as the sole monomer. Used as a gelling and thickening agent., thoroughly bio-degradable.

Amino Acids: The building blocks of protein. Some amino acids (essential amino acids) are not produced in the body and must be supplied externally. Amino acids are necessary for the hair, skin, nail and connective tissue growth. They are also very hydrating and moisturizing, and because of there small molecular size, can penetrate deep into the skin’s tissues.Every living cell in the body contains protein and cannot function properly without it. Approximately 80 amino acids are found in nature; only 20 are necessary for human metabolism. Some must be supplied by food and are called "essential". Amino acids are rapidly absorbed in the blood stream, and in combination with vitamins, provide essential nutrients to a wound area to promote healing.

Aminomethyl Propanol: Synthetic; pH adjuster - alkaline.

Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate: Derived from natural coconut alcohols. Acts as a mild cleanser.

Angelica: Plant; (Angelica archangelica). A revitalizing herb derived from the roots, leaves and seeds of the plant that has bactericidal and fungicidal properties. It helps reduce the accumulation of toxins and excess water retention, and is extremely calming to the skin.

Anise: Plant; An annual herb is related to the carrot and found in the parsley family. It imparts a warm, licorice-like scent, though is not related to the European plant whose roots are the source of true licorice. It is antiseptic and stimulating.

Annatto Seed: Plant Derived; Annatto is a derived from the achiote trees of tropical regions of the Americas, and is used to produce a red food coloring and also as a flavoring. It scent is described as "slightly peppery with a hint of nutmeg" and flavor as "slightly sweet and peppery" Annatto is produced from the reddish pulp which surrounds the seed of the achiote (Bixa orellana L.).

Antioxidants: Substances that slow the breakdown of nutrients and counteract the destructive effect of free radicals (chemically reactive compounds) in the body. There are several types which include vitamins A, E, C complex, and B complex, the minerals selenium and zinc, and the synthetic compounds BHT and BHA. Vitamins A, C, and E as well as BHA and BHT are used as preserving agents in cosmetics.

Aonori: Plant; A green algae containing large amounts of sulfated polysaccharides providing water-retaining properties for deep tissue moisture.

Apple Cider: Plant derived; Detoxifying, balancing and invigorating. When added to a toner’s formulation it acts as an “acid rinse” to adjust the skin’s own pH.

Apple Juice: Plant derived; Rich in natural pectin, containing polysaccharides, vitamin B, flavonoids and a high level of “ malic” acid. This acid has been scientifically proven to be one of the 5 most beneficial AHAs that help stimulate and speed skin cell renewal. The other acids are “glycolic”, from the heart of the raw cane sugar plant, “citric”, from citrus fruit, “lactic” from milk, and “tartaric” from fruit fermentation, similar to that found in wine sediment. Astringent, cleansing, smoothing and tightening. Contains zinc.

Apples: Plant; Rich in natural pectin, containing polysaccharides, vitamin B, flavonoids and a high level of “ malic” acid. This acid has been scientifically proven to be one of the 5 most beneficial AHAs that help stimulate and speed skin cell renewal. The other acids are “glycolic”, from the heart of the raw cane sugar plant, “citric”, from citrus fruit, “lactic” from milk, and “tartaric” from fruit fermentation, similar to that found in wine sediment. Astringent, cleansing, smoothing and tightening. Contains zinc.

Apricot: Plant; Derived from the fruit, apricot is rich in vitamin A, beta-carotene and zinc, it has softening, cleansing, and soothing properties.

Apricot Kernel Oil: Plant derived; Oil expressed from the apricot seed. High in vitamin A, it softens, has anti-aging properties, and helps prevent moisture loss. It also lubricates without leaving a greasy feeling on the skin. It closely resembles almond oil, so makes an excellent alternative.

Arnica Extract: Plant derived; Herbal extract made from the dried flowers of a mountain-loving plant. Has reviving and firming qualities.

Aromatherapy: The use of essences that are extracted from different parts of a plant - Root, Seed, Flower, Leaf, Bark, Fruit. These essences are called essential oils. Essential oils have numerous properties and various scents that affect us on a mental, emotional, spiritual and physical level. The art of using the essential (odor producing) oils from roots, barks, and herbs for treating the skin and body.

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): Vitamin; A potent anti-oxidant that plays an essential role in building collagen, the connective tissue that holds us together. An essential anti-aging ingredient that helps reverse and help prevent photo-damage while improving and preventing pigmentation problems. Ascorbic acid contains bioflavonoids (like rutin/ hesperidin etc.) which are found in fresh food, especially citrus fruits, that help promote the effectiveness of vitamin C and build capillary strength. Because of its acidic nature, it also helps improve tone and texture by removing dead skin cells and diminish the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Ascorbic Acid Polypeptides: Vitamin; Vitamin C in nature is always conjugated with water-soluble protein or polypeptides. Elixic C formula incorporates a vitamin C complex similar to that in its natural form. Therefore, it's extremely stable and readily available to convert to vitamin C, when applied to the skin.

Ascorbyl Palmitate: Synthetic; Stabilized form of vitamin C. Antioxidant. Stimulates collagen synthesis.An ester of ascorbic acid, an anti-oxidant & preservative. The oil soluble salt of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Used as a preservative and anti-oxidant, it interacts synergistically with vitamin E. Because of its solubility in fats, it is very effective in preventing lipid peroxidation. Has many of the same anti-aging benefits of ascorbic acid

Astringent: A clear liquid containing alcohol used mostly to cleanse oily skin, closes pores with its property of contracting the skin.

Avocado Oil: Plant derived; Natural oil cold-pressed from the avocado fruit that is rich in vitamins A, D & E, amino acids, and minerals. An excellent skin conditioner and moisturizer, this emollient oil is high in essential fatty acids to soothe and heal dry skin. A rapidly penetrating oil with anti-oxidant properties that help protect against free radical and photo damage.

Azuki Beans: Plant derived; Traditional Japanese beans which, when ground, are excellent natural exfoliants. Protein and mineral rich.

Azulene: Plant derived; An essential oil derived from the German camomile flower (matricaria chamomilla). It is an excellent analgesic, detoxifier, and anti-inflammatory, and extremely soothing and calming to the skin. Used to treat skin irritation and redness.

Baking Soda: Mineral; Sodium bicarbonate. A mineral derived pH adjuster, and viscosity stabilizer. An aid in cleansing oily skin. It also relieves burns, itching, skin lesions and insect bites.

Balm Mint Extract: Plant derived; A fragrant herb with soothing properties

Banana: Plant; Derived from the banana fruit and juice, it softens, smoothes and moisturizes the skin. It also contains the anti-aging vitamins A, B, and F, making it an excellent ingredient for mature and sun damaged skin.

Barley: Plant; A demulcent with soothing properties. Combined with tomato, it helps improve penetration, creating a delivery system to suspend critical components and facilitate delivery into the stratum corneum.

Base Notes: The infusion of fragrance with your personal body chemistry.

Bearberry: Plant; Uva Ursi (or manzanita). A natural source of hydroquinone (pigment lightener) due to the astringency of the tannin acid found in the berries and leaves of this plant. Also contains arbutin which can inhibit melanin production. Bearberry inhibits the production of tyrosinase and also naturally decreases existing pigment.

Bee Propolis: Animal; The resinous substance collected from various plants by bees to line their hives; it is antiseptic and antibacterial, making it very beneficial for abrasions, bruises, and skin inflammation. It is high in anti-oxidants and possibly anti-biotic.

Beeswax: Animal; Made from flowers by honeybees to create their honeycomb. Used as an emulsifier, thickener, and formula stabilizer that protects the skin and prevents moisture loss. It is all-natural, with a delicate honey-sweet aroma.

Beet Root Juice: Plant derived; Helps heal inflammatory skin conditions. It contains vitamins A, B & C, and allantoin, a compound known for its healing and cell renewal properties. Beneficial in the treatment of acne and other skin lesions.

Behenalkonium Chloride and Cetyl Alcohol: Plant derived; Mild but powerful and substantive conditioner. Improves body/manageability, rinses easily and leaves a smooth after feel.

Behentrimonium Methosulfate and Cetearyl Alcohol: Plant derived; Primary conditioning agent. Reduces static and flyaway. Provides lubricity resulting in detangling

Bentonite: Mineral; Natural mineral clay from volcanic ash. Used in facial masks for it’s drawing, detoxifying abilities. May also be used as a suspending agent, thickener and binder. It takes its name from Fort Benton where bentonite deposits are found.

Benzethonium Chloride: Use therapeutically as a topical anti-infective, antiseptic and anti-acneic agent.

Benzoin Essential Oil: Plant derived; A balsamic resin that secretes from the trunks of trees where an incision is made in the bark, resulting in the formation of oleoresin ducts. The resin then either accumulates beneath the bark or exudes from the incisions. Benzoin has a warm, vanilla-like fragrance, and has antiseptic and soothing properties for irritated skin.

Benzyl Alcohol: Synthetic; Preservative. Protects product from microbial contamination.

Bergamot: Plant derived; A small and roughly pear-shaped citrus fruit originating and grown mainly in Calabria, Italy. Bergamot grows on small evergreen trees known as bergamots, which are produced from a cross of the pear lemon and the Seville orange or grapefruit. Shoots of the bergamot tree can also be grafted into similar citrus trees to produce the bergamot fruit. The flowers of the bergamot tree blossom during the spring.

Beta-Carotene: Plant derived; Precursor of Vitamin A occurring naturally in plants, especially abundant in carrots, papaya and algae. It possesses both healing and cellular renewal properties.

Betaglucan: Plant; Film former, moisturizer, humectant, anti-inflammatory. Stimulates collagen production; protects cells against UV radiation.

Bha (Butylated Hydroxyanisole) And Bht (Butylated Hydroxytoluene): Synthetic; Synthetic antioxidants used as preservatives. (Beta Hydroxy Acid) BHAs, such as salicylic and citric acids, dissolve the oil portion of the glue-like lipids in the skin. They are widely used in acne treatments due to their ability to clear pores of oily, waxy debris and dead skin build up. BHAs may be less irritating than AHAs.

Biotin: Vitamin; One of the B complex vitamins, also known as vitamin H. It is used to improve the texture of creams and add body and shine to hair products. It is essential for tissue growth, proper function of the sebaceous glands, and for the over-all health of the skin and scalp.

Birch: Plant; An astringent and antiseptic herb containing salicylic acid derived from the leaves and bark of the birch tree. It is helpful in treating inflammatory skin conditions such as eczema, blemishes, and scalp disorders.

Bisabalol: Plant; This naturally occurring ingredient is used to help accelerate the healing process of the skin, and is used confidently on sensitive skins. It has anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory properties and it also contains anti-bacterial as well as anti-mycotic properties.

Bladderwrack: Plant derived; Seaweed derived from the dried Thallus (bulbous root) of fucus vesiculosus. Rich in the same trace minerals, amino acids and other vital nutrients present in human blood plasma, it helps balance and re-mineralize the skin. Considered to have moisturizing & soothing properties, used in the external treatment of cellulitus, sprains & bruises.

Blue Green Algae: Plant; The smallest and most primitive of plants that contain chlorophyll in their protoplasm. Their unicellular bodies contain all the biological constituents necessary for life functions. Hydrates and protects skin.

Blue Mallow: Plant; Derived from the flowers and leaves of the common, or “blue” mallow. It is cleansing, non-irritating, and softening. An excellent treatment for dry skin and inflammations.

Borage Oil: Plant derived; A hardy annual plant with anti-inflammatory, rejuvenating, cleansing, lightening and pore clearing properties. Contains a rich source of essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals necessary healthy skin function. Excellent for aging and congested skin.

Brewers Yeast: Bacterial Fermentation; Rich in vitamins and proteins, this proven moisturizer helps keep skin soft and supple.

Bromelain: Plant derived; An enzyme derived from pineapple. Digests dead protein, as in surface skin cells (used in meat tenderizers). Can rid the skin of debris up to 1000 times their weight of irritants that clog and enlarge pores.

Burdock: Plant; Derived from the roots of the plant. It restores smoothness to the skin and has a balancing effect on the sebaceous glands. Excellent in the treatment of eczema and other scaly skin conditions. Mildly antibiotic.

Butyl Acetate: Synthetic; A toxic solvent used in nail polish and many other products.

Butyl Paraben: Synthetic; A member of the paraben family of petrochemicals commonly used as a preservative to prevent mold, fungus, and bacteria. Non-sensitizing and non-irritating.

Butyl Stearate: Synthetic; An artificial chemical found in face creams and other facial care products.

Ca 24: Synthetic; Used as an antimicrobial in shampoos and bath lotions at concentrations of up to .3%. Humans have had allergic reactions to a .1% water solution of it within 24, 48, or 72 hours of use. CA 24 contains 70% chloroacetamide and 30% sodium benzoate.

Calamine: Mineral; A pink powder that is made of zinc oxide with a small amount of ferric oxide. It is used in lotions, ointments, and liniments. It is a customary mixture that is soothing and healing to the skin. It is great for itchy rashes such as poison ivy. It is natural but some formulas contain phenol which can cause poisoning when applied to the skin. A blend of natural calamine and aloe vera is a good, pure skin treatment for burns, rashes, and insect bites.

Calcium Alginate: Nontoxic. It is used in many foods for binding. Also used as a film-former in peel-off masks. It is a stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsions.

Calcium Carbonate: Natural occurring salt that is found in limestone, chalk, and marble. It is used as a pigment and for pigment prolonging. It has no known toxicity.

Calendula (Calendula Officinalis) Flowers: Plant; Anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, wound healer. (Marigold) Astringent, cleansing, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, soothing, softening and an anti-oxidant.

Calendula Extract: Plant derived; Marigolds are the source for this wonderful emollient oil which has a soothing effect on skin.

Camellia Leaf: Plant; (Green Tea Leaf) Potent anti-oxidant that offers 20 times the free radical scavenging effects of vitamin E. It increases the effect of sunscreens, and studies have found that it may help prevent skin cancer from UV rays as well. Green tea also helps reduce irritation caused by glycolic acid, and also has anti-cellulite properties.

Camomile: Plant; Healing, extremely soothing, moisturizing and toning to the skin, especially dry skin conditions. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiseptic, it has the ability to neutralize skin irritants. Excellent for soothing red, irritated skin.

Camphor Oil: Plant derived; Distilled from the wood, roots and branches of an evergreen tree native to China and Japan. Used to treat acne, inflammation, oily conditions, spots.

Candelilla Wax: Plant derived; A herbal wax. It is used in lipsticks, in creams, and as a replacement for rubber.

Caprylic Acid: An oil liquid made by the oxidation of octanol for use in perfumery. Occurs naturally in palm and coconut oil.

Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride: A mixture of glycerin, caprylic acid and capric acid. An emollient ester derived from coconut oil with good lubricating and spreading properties. Helps products to glide on the skin.

Capryloyl Glycine: Plant derived; Antimicrobial, skin conditioning and moisturizing properties. A lipo-aminoacid with antiseptic & anti-microbial properties, equally effective in combating bacteria found in acne lesions as benzoyl peroxide, commonly used in acne medications, without its characteristic dryness & irritancy.

Capsicum Oleoresin: An oil from the pepper family that is used in hair tonics to arouse the scalp. It is said to upgrade hair growth. It may however cause allergic reactions in some people.

Caramel: A concentrated solution of heated sugar or glucose. It is used in cosmetics as a color and in skin lotions as a soothing agent. In 198,1 the FDA ruled caramel generally recognized as safe.

Carbomer 934,940,941,960,961: Synthetic; Used in many cosmetics and toothpastes as a thickener. It can cause eye irritation.

Carmine: Animal; Natural red color comes from the dried female cochineal beetle. It is sometimes used to color lip gloss, lipsticks, and other cosmetics.

Carotenoids: Plant derived; Develops in plants and in the bodies of plant-eating animals. They are precursors to vitamin A.

Carrageenan: Plant derived; A gel-forming polysaccharide found in the “red algae” seaweed known as “Irish moss”. It is a very soothing natural emulsifier, high in sulfur and extremely nourishing to the skin.

Carrot (Daucus Carota Sativa) Oil: Plant; Antioxidant. Source of Beta-Carotene and Vitamin A. Rich in vitamins and minerals, this oil has many antiseptic properties. Smoothes and tones skin. Used for skin conditions such as dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis and rashes.

Carrot Juice: Plant derived; High in both alpha & beta-carotenoids (possibly more powerful than beta carotene alone) which are responsible for Pro-vitamin A activity in formulations. Soothing and healing, it restores elasticity of the skin.

Castor Oil: Plant derived; Extract from castor bean, a great carrier oil soothing to the skin.

Cedar: Plant derived; Cedar (Cedrus) is a genus of coniferous trees in the plant family Pinaceae. They are most closely related to the Firs (Abies), sharing a very similar cone structure. They are native to the mountains of the western Himalaya and the Mediterranean region, occurring at altitudes of 1,500–3200 m in the Himalaya and 1,000–2,200 m in the Mediterranean.

Cellulose: Plant derived; The fiber in the cell walls of all plants. Gum that is made from it is used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and binder in cosmetics. There is no known toxicity. Inhaling the powder during manufacturing or processing can be harmful to the lungs.

Centella: Plant; (Centella Asiatica) Also known as Gotu Kola, it is a very soothing and healing herb that reduces inflammation and redness of skin irritations, blemishes and burns. Contains triterpenoids, compounds that aid in wound healing and strengthen the skin. Also very toning and firming.

Ceramide: A main component of the intercellular lipids that is responsible for cell cohesion at the top layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. A healthy stratum corneum maintains the balance of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at the skin barrier to provide effective hydration.

Certified Colors: Synthetic; A color "certified" by the FDA as safe. However, various colors (coal tar dyes) have been found to cause cancer. But, hair dyes are exempt from even this regulation.

Ceteareth-3: Synthetic; Used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and lotion. Dries out the skin and can cause numerous allergic reactions.

Cetearyl Alcohol: May be natural or artificial. It's used in most lotions. A thickener and carrying agent for other ingredients.

Cetearyl Glucoside: Plant derived; An all natural emulsifier, derived from corn and coconut oil, without the use of a chemical reagent or even an organic solvent.

Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate: Plant derived; Emulsifier. Thickener. Light feeling and moisturizing. Increases skin elasticity.

Cetyl Alcohol: Plant derived; Thickener. Emulsion stabilizer. Helps reduce oily feel and drying effects of other ingredients.

Cetyl Esters: Plant derived; Exceptionally emollient wax derived from vegetable sources.

Cetyl Lactate, Myristate, Palmitate, And Stearate: Natural or synthetic compounds used as emollients and texturizers in cosmetics.

Cetyl Ricinoleate: Fatty alcohol of cetyl alcohol and ricinic acid (fatty acid of castor oil) that moisturizes skin and regulates product consistency.

Chamomile: A daisy-like white & yellow flower head, known to reduce inflammation, external swelling, soothe skin irritation.

Chamomile (Anthemis Nobilis) Extract: Plant; Soothing, calming, anti-inflammatory. Antiseptic. Stimulative to skin metabolism.

Chamomile Oil: Known for its calming effect. Soothing and anti-inflammatory for the skin and the spirit.

Chlorophyll: Plant derived; The green component of plants that has antiseptic and anti-fungal properties. Known for its natural cleansing and moisturizing properties. Also a natural deodorizer.

Cinnamon Leaf Essential Oil: Plant derived; A warming, stimulating and invigorating essential oil with antiseptic properties. Has a pleasant, spicy scent.

Citric Acid: Plant derived; Found in plants and citrus fruits. This organic acid is a pH adjuster and acts as a natural preservative and anti-oxidant.Used as a flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals, and as a preservative sequestering agent. Foam-stabilizer and pH-adjuster in cosmetics. It is nontoxic.

Citrus Bioflavonoids: Plant derived; Essential support molecules for vitamin C to have the greatest benefits. Act as free radical scavengers and neutralizes singlet oxygen oxidizers. From various citrus fruits.

Citrus Extract: Plant derived; Extraction from citrus fruit. A natural ingredient in the Mix Fruit Acids.

Clary Sage: Plant; Antiseptic, astringent, clarifying, softening, and cell regenerating. Good for oily, congested complexions. It also helps preserve moisture and is slightly astringent. It is used to control greasy hair and dandruff, and is also stimulating the scalp, which encourages healthy hair growth.

Clover Blossom Extract: Plant derived; Soothes and conditions the skin.

Coal Tar: Plant derived; A topical anti-eczematic. Coal is a mineral of organic origin, formed from the remains of vegetation which over millions of years has changed to coal. From early times, people relied on the strength of the sun and the use of coal tar as their only form of treatment for psoriasis.

Cocamidopropyl Betaine: Synthetic; Artificial substance frequently referred to as a natural substance made "from coconuts" on the labels of shampoos. It's a secondary surfactant, used in combination with other, stronger surfactants. Surfactant derived from coconut oil. Does not irritate the skin or mucous membranes. Effective in foaming cleansers, shampoos and body washes where high, creamy foam is desired.

Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine: Plant derived; Mild surfactant. Excellent foaming properties that improves lubricity of lather and facilitates delivery of conditioning agents from shampoo to the hair.

Cocoa Butter: Plant derived; Derived from the nut seeds of the cocoa plant, cocoa butter is used as an emollient, and to soften and lubricate the skin. Has a “chocolatey” fragrance.

Cocoa Pod and Beans: Plant derived; Cocoa is the dried and partially fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made. "Cocoa" can often also refer to the drink commonly known as hot chocolate[1]; cocoa powder, the dry powder made by grinding cocoa seeds and removing the cocoa butter from the dark, bitter cocoa solids; or it may refer to the combination of both cocoa powder and cocoa butter together.

Coconut (Coccus Nucifera) Oil: Plant; Emollient. Lubricant. Source of Vitamin E. Derived from the coconut fruit, it is used as an emollient to smooth and lubricate the skin. Rich in saponins, it is excellent for soap making because it produces a rich, creamy lather.

Coconut Milk: Plant derived; From the drupaceous fruit of the coconut palm. It is abundant with natural antiseptic fatty acids that helps promote a softer more lubricated complexion. This rich, creamy milk is pressed from the thick white flesh of a well-matured coconut. It has important anti-carcinogenic properties.

Cod Liver Oil: Animal; A rich source of vitamins A and D. When vitamin A deficiency occurs the most outstanding symptom is dry, scaly skin, particularly on the hands and soles of the feet.

Co-Enzyme Q10: A natural substance found in every cell of the human body. In our mid twenties its activity decreases. Naturally occurring in the tissue of plants, Co-Enzyme Q10 (also known as “ubiquinone”) is a vitamin-like anti-oxidant that boosts cellular activity. It helps to fortify the skin’s defenses against UV damage, while reducing the appearance of wrinkles, strengthening cell membranes, and providing the skin with new energy.

Collagen: 70% of the body's connective tissue in the dermis is made of collagen. Gerontologists have discovered that is where the aging process of the skin takes place. Young connective tissue is made up of soluble collagen whose molecules are disordered in relation to each other. As the skin ages, and is exposed to sunlight, chemicals (like makeup, coal tar dyes, etc., and various foods), the soluble collagen becomes "cross-linked," so the molecules are no longer displaced in relation to each other. Cross-linking makes the collagen insoluble and inflexible. As this happens, the connective tissues becomes strained, dry, wrinkled, and worn.

Coltsfoot: A soothing, healing, conditioning and moisturizing herb. It contains silica and cystine, important amino acids to maintain healthy skin and hair.

Comfrey: Plant; A plant that produces Allentoin, an ingredient that promotes skin healing. This extract is anti-inflammatory, astringent and emollient. One of the most famed healing plants; it contains allantoin, a substance that promotes the growth of connective tissue and is easily absorbed through the skin. Moisturizing, rejuvenating!

Comfrey (Symphytum Officinale) Leaf: Plant; Anti-inflammatory. Soothes skin irritation.

Coneflower: Plant; (Echinacea) An anti-inflammatory and antibacterial herb that is very soothing and healing. Nourishes, moisturizes, smoothes and firms the skin.

Corn (Zea Mays) Oil: Plant; Emollient.

Corn (Zea Mays) Starch: Plant derived; Moisture absorbent.

Corn Cob Meal: Plant derived; From milled corn cob. Exfoliates dead cells by gently polishing the surface of the skin. Because the meal is so finely ground, it will not over-stimulate, or irritate the skin.

Cornflower: Plant; Known for its ability to soften skin, leaving it more supple. Obtained from the flowers of the plant. Very soothing, softening and sedating to the skin. Also has natural antiseptic properties.

Corriander Seed: Plant derived; Coriandrum sativum is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. The name 'coriander' in a culinary context may refer to either the seeds of the plant (used as a spice), or to its leaves (used as a herb), however in North American countries, for example, the name Cilantro is given to the leaves. Coriander is native to southwestern Asia and west to north Africa. It is a soft, hairless plant growing to 50 cm [20 in.] tall. The leaves are variable in shape, broadly lobed at the base of the plant, and slender and feathery higher on the flowering stems. The flowers are borne in small umbels, white or very pale pink, asymmetrical, and with the petals that point away from the centre of the umbel being longer (5-6 mm) than those pointing to the middle of the umbel (only 1-3 mm long). The fruit is a globular dry schizocarp 3-5 mm diameter.

Cranberry Juice: Plant derived; Very high in natural vitamin C. Helps stimulate the production of collagen and elastin. Also offers bactericidal action.

Cucumber: Plant; An anti-inflammatory…reduces heat and inflammation. It is cooling, and cleansing, and has an extremely soothing effect on the skin. Also contains amino acids and minerals that help firm and regenerate.Has soothing effects on the skin and improves moisture retention.

Cyclomethicone: Derived from silicone (which is derived from silica, a substance that ocEmollient skin conditioning agent derived from silica. Water repellent, skin-adherent and stable over a wide range of temperatures.curs naturally in rocks and sand), it provides a silky, smooth feel to the skin. This form of silicone also aids the delivery of active ingredients into the skin.

D&C: This abbreviation preceding the name of a color means that the FDA has certified it as safe for use in drugs and cosmetics, but not in food. D&C means that the color can only be used externally and not around the eyes or inside the mouth. D&C colors are usually man-made.

Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) Root: Plant; Anti-inflammatory. Astringent. Source of Vitamins A, B, C and D

Dantoin 685: Synthetic; A preservative used in shampoos and deodorants. Contains formaldehyde and N-acetal. Highly toxic. Also listed as DMDM hydantoin.

Decyl -Polyglucose: Plant derived; Vegetable based mild surfactant that gently but thoroughly cleans hair and scalp.

Deionized Water: A water purifying and stabilizing process by which minerals and heavy metals are removed. Minerals and heavy metals can interfere with product’s performance and stability.

Deodorant: A product that reduces perspiration odor. There are natural deodorants containing herbs like marigold and vitamin E. Deodorants do not stop perspiration.

Depilatories: Destroy hair by breaking the chemical bonds that hold it together. After using any hair removal method, a moisturizer should be applied to soothe the skin.

Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin covering a wide variety of skin disorders and evidenced by itching, redness and various skin lesions. Can be due to one of several causes - systemic disease, skin irritants such as poison ivy, corrosives, acids and alkalies or hypersensitivity.

Dermis: The second or middle layer of skin. contains the blood vessels, elastin and collagen, etc.

Detergent: Synthetic; These artificial soaps may be made with a variety of chemicals and are frequently not biodegradable.

Di/Cyclomethicone: Synthetic; An inert fluid of dense viscosity, promotes easy spread, leaves soft, smooth feel to the skin.

Diethanolamine: Synthetic; More commonly known by its abbreviation, DEA. One of many artificial detergents. It may be contaminated with nitrosamines and should be avoided.

Dimethicone: Silica; Oil derived from silicon (which originates from silica, a naturally occurring substance found in rocks and sand). It is used to facilitate smooth application of a product while softening the skin.Gives a smooth feel to a cosmetic cream or lotion. Various allergic reactions and internal problems make them questionable as cosmetic ingredients. Although they're still widely used, they should be avoided. Many herbal oils, such as vegetable glycerin, have replaced this chemical. Adds lubricity to products. Shown to help repair damaged skin.

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate: Plant; An extract From Licorice. Shown to reduce irritation and inflammation.

Disodium EDTA: Synthetic; Chelating agent. Complexes metal ions to help preclude oxidation and enhance the activity of preservatives.

Dog Rose (Rosa Canina) Hip CO2 Extract: Plant; skin regeneration, healing

Drug: According to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (as amended), a drug is:Articles recognized in the United States Pharmacopoeia, the official National Formulary, or any supplement to any of them. Articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease in human beings or other animals. Articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of human beings or other animals.

Dry Milk: Animal; Like liquid milk it contains “natural” lactic acid. Lactic acid is one of the five most beneficial AHAs. A mild exfoliant that helps reduce wrinkles and improve the skin’s texture. Very softening and moisturizing.

Dulse: Plant; A flat leaved red sea weed (“Fucus”). It is high in bio-nutritional vitamins including B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9 and Beta-carotene. It stimulates connective tissue repair and is cell energizing.

Eau De Parfum: Women’s fragrance with a lighter scent concentration than perfume (8 to 15%). Can be used in a spray application.

Echinacea (Echinacea Angustifolia) Root: Plant; Anti inflammatory, immunostimulant. Heals wounds and inflammations. (Coneflower) An anti-inflammatory and antibacterial herb that is very soothing and healing. Nourishes, moisturizes, smoothes and firms the skin.

Eczema: Acute or chronic weeping, crusting and inflammatory skin conditions. Eczema is more the description of a symptom than of a disease. The word has become synonymous with dermatitis.

EDTA: An artificial chemical that is used as an antioxidant and as a "complexing" agent in shampoos, which means that it binds metallic irons so that the surfactants can work more effectively.

EDTA-4Na: A synthetic chemical that removes metals or mineral ions from solution. Used as a preservative & anti-oxidant. Irritating to the skin if more than 5% (less than 0.1% used).

Elder (Sambucus Nigra) Flower: Plant; Cleansing, calming and anti-inflammatory. Elder flower has been used for generations to keep complexion soft. It both tones and protects the skin. An astringent, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory herb with emollient properties. It is an excellent ingredient for eye and facial lotions, and is particularly beneficial for dry skin. Also provides lightening and firming action.

Emollients: Prevent water loss and have a softening and soothing effect on the skin. They can be natural, like almond oil, or manufactured, like mineral oil.

Emulsifying Wax: Vegetable waxes created from a combination of emulsifiers and fatty alcohols. They are treated to mix more easily with other ingredients, providing a very stable formula.

Emulsion: A stable combination of oil and water phases accomplished with the use of surfactants.

Enzymes: A complex, organic, and predominately protein substance produced by living cells. Enzymes bring about or accelerate reaction (as in the digestion of food) at body temperature, without itself being permanently altered. “Enzymes” such as papain and bromelin are commonly used in skin care due to their exfoliating action. Another enzyme, super oxide dismutase (SOD) is used for its free radical scavenging properties.

Epidermis: The outer layer of skin.

Epsom Salt: Plant derived; Magnesium sulfate is a chemical compound containing magnesium and sulfate, with the formula MgSO4. It is often encountered as the heptahydrate, MgSO4·7H2O, commonly called Epsom salts. Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is used as a drying agent. Since the anhydrous form is hygroscopic (readily absorbs water from the air) and therefore harder to weigh accurately, the hydrate is often preferred when preparing solutions, for example in medical preparations. Epsom salts have traditionally been used as a component of bath salts.

Essential Fatty Acids: Sometimes known as vitamin F, these substances can't be manufactured by the body and must be consumed in the diet. There are three types: linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic. The primary fatty acids fulfill many functions in our bodies. They lubricate, aid in the transportation of oxygen to the cells, and help thicken the blood.

Essential Oils: Plant derived; Oily liquids obtained from plants. Complex mixtures of alcohols, ketones, phenols, acids, ethers, aldehydes, esters, oxides, and sulfur compounds (among others). They're also called volatile oils, ethereal oils, essences, or absolutes. The oily liquid obtained from plants through a variety of processes. It usually has the taste and smell of the original plant. Called essential oils, because down through history, the theory is they were essential to life and they were the “essence” of the plant. The use of essential oils as preservatives is ancient.

Ethanol (Or Ethyl Alcohol): Colorless, vaporizable liquid. Has a burning taste. Well-known to most of us as the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages. Commonly called simply "alcohol," although there are many other kinds of alcohols. Ethanol is widely used in cosmetics as a solvent and as an antibacterial agent. As a preservative, it's effective at concentrations of 15% to 20%. It's an antitoxin in concentrations of 60% to 70%, with a bactericidal effect within 45 seconds. It's also used in acne treatments and in rinses for oily hair. Ethanol absorbs water and thus can be very drying in fast-drying skin lotions (at concentrations of 15%); the lotions need to include glycerols and vegetable oils to minimize the drying effect. Provokes a late allergic reaction in some people when used topically. Taken orally, ethanol is toxic in doses above 80g. Ethanol is often purposely made poisonous by the addition of methanol and it is then known as SDA (specially denatured alcohol).

Ethyl Acetate: Synthetic; Compound made from acetic acid and ethyl alcohol used as a solvent and in nail polish and nail polish removers. May irritate skin.

Eucalyptus Extract: Plant derived; Stimulating and antiseptic oil. Aids in the formation of healthy skin tissue. Very healing.

Evening Primrose (Oenothera Biennis) Seed Oil: Plant; Emollient. Source of gamma linolenic acid, an essential fatty acid important to skin barrier function. Calming, cleansing, and moisturizing herb. A superb emollient and skin nutrient, high in essential fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid. Extremely beneficial for dry skin and scalp.

Exfoliate/Exfoliant: A product used to shed the superficial cells of the outer layer of skin. To remove the outermost layer of dead skin cells with a scrub or cleanser.

Eyebright: Plant; An herb with astringent, cleansing, and anti-inflammatory properties. Herbal folklore states that eyebright has the ability to “cure all ailments and complaints of the eyes”.

Fats: Acquired from animal fat, oil seeds, or fruit pulp. They are used as lotion or salve in cosmetics. They can be solid, semisolid, or liquid.

Fatty Acids: Organic oils found in vegetable and animal fats. Excellent skin emollients and an important part of the diet. (Essential Fatty acids, EFA’s or Vitamin F) Organic oils found vegetable and animal fats. Saturated fatty acids are palmitic and stearic. Some unsaturated fatty acids are oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids (excellent emollients for the skin). Fatty acids are necessary for regulating healthy skin and pre-mature aging.

Fatty Alcohols: Thick to semi-thick syrup-like liquids. Give high emolliency. Can be natural or man-made. Sometimes used in hair and skin-conditioners, creams, lotions, and conditioning shampoos.

Fda: The Food and Drug Administration. The federal agency responsible for managing the safety and strength of all foods and drugs, and cosmetics sold in the US.

Fennel: Plant; Derived from the seeds, it is cleansing, anti-bacterial, and rejuvenating with anti-oxidant properties. Offers a slight tightening action to the skin. Rich in the essential fatty acids oleic and linoleic acid which are highly beneficial to the skin.

Fenugreek: Plant; An annual herb that is emollient, anti-inflammatory and healing. Particularly useful in the treatment of skin irritation.

Flavonoid: Plant derived; Any class of active compounds found in plants. Some flavonoids are the elements that give color to flowers and fruits. All have anti-oxidant properties.

Formaldehyde: Synthetic; Colorless, harsh, irritating substance that is found in many preservatives. It is severely toxic when inhaled or swallowed. 44% of all people whose skin is exposed to it get an irritating reaction. It is used in shampoos at concentrations of .1% to .2%. Methanol is sometimes added to formaldehyde at a 15% concentration to prevent polymerization.

Fragrance Oil: Synthetic; A concentrated product used in the creation of perfume, cologne or toilet water.

Fragrance-Free: No added fragrances; just the natural aroma of the ingredients.

Frankincense Essential Oil: Plant derived; Actually a gum resin that is very beneficial for all skin types. Anti-inflammatory properties relieve dry and sensitive skin irritations, and astringent qualities help to balance oily or overactive skin. Also very revitalizing to mature skin, making it an excellent anti-wrinkle ingredient.

Free Radicals: An atom or molecule that has an unpaired electron, making it highly unstable and likely to react with other substances. Because of this, free-radicals can damage the body at the cellular level.Unstable or chemically incomplete molecules which can be formed within skin as a result of sun, pollution and stress. These molecules may "steal" particles from other molecules thus creating more unstable compounds and setting off a chain reaction that can damage cells. Anti-oxidants such as Vitamins C and E fight free radical action that can weaken epidermal support, resulting in wrinkling of skin, dryness, loss of skin elasticity and premature aging.

French Lavender: Plant derived; Lavender is a Mediterranean shrub which is cultivated for its aromatic flowers. French Lavender, "Lavandula Officinalis grows wild in the south of France, in Italy, Corsica and Yugoslavia. It is cultivated widely all over the world, including area in Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cyprus, England, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, U.S.S.R, Spain, Tanganyika, Tasmania, Turkey and Yugoslavia and Washington, USA.

Fruit Acids: Plant derived; Found in various fruits and herbs. They are used in masks and moisturizers for their ability to moisturize and exfoliate the skin. Fruit acids are used in concentrations as low as .25% and as high as 8%. The higher concentrations increase the "heat" of the product and the peeling action. It can also cause skin irritation in some people.

Gamma Linolenic Acid: Plant derived; A fatty acid. Found in evening primrose oil, black currant seeds, borage oil, and mother's milk.

Gelatin: Refined protein from animal origin. Used as a thickener and film-forming agent.

Geranium Essential Oil: Distilled from the leaves of pelargonium graveolens, a natural antiseptic and astringent that also promotes healing. It has the unusual ability to balance sebum production making it valuable for those with combination, dry, dehydrated, or oily skin. Astringent, cleansing, moistening, softening, stimulating.

Geranium Oil: Plant derived; An effective anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and astringent derived from the aromatic plant. For use on acne and oily skin.

Germaben: An all-in-one preservative system, less than 1% used.

German Blue Chamomile: Plant derived; German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita), is an annual plant of the sunflower family Asteraceae.German Chamomile essential oil is deep blue in colour and contains high levels of azulene. It usually grows near populated areas all over Europe and temperate Asia. It is widely introduced in temperate North America and Australia. As the seeds need open soil to survive, it often grows near roads, around landfills and in cultivated fields as a weed. The primary active ingredient of the essential oil from German Chamomile is bisabolol.

Ginger: Plant; Derived from the root, it helps the skin purge and stimulates circulation. Warming to the skin, it helps ease muscle tension.

Ginger Oil: Plant derived; Revered in Asia since the earliest of times, ginger acts as an antiseptic and stimulant.

Gingko Biloba Oil: Plant derived; Ginko, thought to be the oldest tree on the planet, has long been used in Chinese medicine. Used for its anti-inflammatory and antiallergenic properties.

Ginkgo Biloba: Plant; An herb that helps increase blood flow and oxygenation to energize the skin. Has anti-oxidant properties, making it an excellent anti-aging ingredient.

Glucamate Sse20: Safe, mild & effective nonionic emulsifier, clarifies oils into water.

Glucose: Derived from sugar, has soothing and moisture-binding properties. Also helps treat burned skin.

Glycereth: A polyethylene glycol ether of glycerin. It is an artificial form of glycerin.

Glycerides: Any class used as a texturizer and/ or emollient that compounds glycerin with any one of many fatty acids, especially those found naturally in oils and fats.

Glycerin: Plant derived; Conditioning agent. Humectant. Absorbs and retains moisture. A humectant (water-attracting/binding ingredient), emulsifier, and emollient naturally produced from a combination of vegetable fat and water.

Glyceryl Stearate: Plant derived; Emulsifier. Emollient. Skin conditioning agent. Excellent moisturizer & emollient, used to stabilize viscosity as well as opacify lotions and cremes. Self-emulsifying form of glyceryl stearate.

Glycol Stearate: Emulsifying and spreading agent.

Glycolic Acid: Alphahydroxy acid (AHA) with the smallest molecular structure, allowing for the deepest penetration. In 1987, after 20 years of research, Dr. Eugene Van Scott released his scientific findings on AHAs. These findings proved that it’s not necessarily age that determines a smooth, youthful-looking complexion, but how fast the skin rids itself of dying and dead cells. Dr. Van Scott discovered that when topically applied, AHAs could speed up this exfoliation process, thus improving skin tone and texture. The increase in cell turn-over also helps boost collagen production, which improves skin firmness.Used as a skin care treatment in exfoliation creams and masks. It may irritate mucous membranes and cause allergic reactions.

Glycosaminoglycans: Found in all plants. Sodium hyaluronate and other glycosaminoglucans are vital moisturizers and lubricants present in the interstitial spaces between epidermal cells. The absence of these lubricating moisturizers can accelerate the deterioration of the skin’s collagen, resulting in the loss of elasticity, flexibility and tonicity. They are conditioning, moisturizing, and promote suppleness & firmness.

Glycyrrhetinic Acid Phytosome: Plant derived; Licorice derivatives. Anti-inflammatory, anti-irritant, anti-puffiness, especially effective for eye area, soothing to irritated skin. Phytosome chemistry termed for complexing with purified soy phospholipids to facilitate a longer release of the active for better bioavailability, in the same manner as liposome, only more effective.

Goldenseal: Plant derived; A woodland plant (Hydrastis canadensis) of eastern North America, having small greenish-white flowers and a yellow root used in herbal medicine. Also called orangeroot.

Goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis): Plant; A useful antiseptic, natural antibiotic, and astringent with excellent wound healing properties.Anti-septic. Anti-inflammatory. Anti-dandruff.

Gotu Kola: Plant; (Centella Asiatica) Very soothing and healing herb that reduces inflammation and redness of skin irritations, blemishes and burns. Contains triterpenoids, compounds that aid in wound healing and strengthen the skin. Also very toning and firming.

Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Seed Oil: Plant; Emollient. Source of Vitamins E and D. Ultra fine oil pressed from grape seeds with especially non-allergenic properties. Moisturizing and nourishing due to its high linoleic acid content. Free-radical scavenger.

Grape Seed: Plant; Contains the powerful anti-oxidant proanthocyanidin, which supports the actions of vitamin E and beta-carotene, and increases the action of vitamin C. Speeds wound healing, regenerates damaged blood vessels, and helps clear potentially pathogenic bacteria from wounds. Also enhances the formation of epidermal tissue, and has anti-inflammatory properties.

Grapefruit: Plant; Stimulating, astringent, cleansing, exfoliating…anti-viral, a free-radical invader. Percentage of AHAs

Grapefruit Essential Oil: Plant derived; An essential oil with a light and fresh aroma expressed from the peel of the fruit. High in vitamin C, it has anti-inflammatory properties, and helps release excess water in the skin’s tissues. It also has a very beneficial effect on congested, oily skin and acne.

Grapefruit Seed: Plant derived; Extracted from grapefruit seeds and used in combination with propylene glycol and glycerin as a preservative, bactericide, and stabilizer.

Grapes: Plant; Powerful free radical scavenger/anti-oxidant rich in sugars, minerals, flavonoids, vitamins in B group. Promotes cellular health rejuvenation. Percentage of AHAs

Green Papaya: Plant; Fruit used in formulation when it contains the highest content of “papain”. As the fruit matures this powerful enzyme decreases. To protect this “active” enzyme a low -heat extraction must be maintained. It is an excellent free-radical scavenger and cellular renewal ingredient with the ability to digest protein, selecting only dead cells without harming the living ones.

Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) Leaves: Plant; Antioxidant. Antibacterial. Source of polyphenols. Potent anti-oxidant that offers 20 times the free radical scavenging effects of vitamin E. It increases the effect of sunscreens, and studies have found that it may help prevent skin cancer from UV rays as well. Green tea also helps reduce irritation caused by glycolic acid, and also has anti-cellulite properties. Anti-carcinogenic. Contains polyphenolic antioxidants which play an important role in the prevention of cell damage. Has a soothing and moisturizing effect.

Guar Gum: Plant derived; A natural resin from the seeds of an Asian tree. Thickener, plasticizer and emulsifier.

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride: Plant derived; Substantive conditioner without build up. Improves wet and dry combing and hair softness.

Guava: Plant; Healing, soothing and moisturizing, guava also contains vitamins A & C, beta-carotene and zinc.

Gums: Polysaccharides of high molecular weight that are scattered in water. They are incomparable to manufactured polymers like the PVP/PVA copolymers. Some gums are used as hair setting products. Natural thickeners are acacia, tragacanth, quince seed, and locust bean.

Hamamelis Water: (Witch Hazel) An astringent herb that possesses the ability to soothe the skin. It is derived from of the leaves and bark of the Hamamelis Virginnia plant and helps heal blemishes, reduce oiliness, and soothe bruises and sprains.

Hazel (Corylus Americana) Nut Oil: Plant; Emollient.

Health: The state of physical and mental well-being, free from disease.

Hemp Seed Oil: Plant derived; A natural source of essential fatty acids vital in preventing cell loss, regulating skin's moisture barrier and maintaining elasticity. This oil absorbs directly into the skin and provides important amino acids, linoleic acid, protein and highly prized Omega oils. Skin visibly responds to this rich nourishment.

Hibiscus (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) Flower: Plant; Soothes skin irritation and inflammation. Powerful antioxidant properties; high in Vitamin C

Hinoki: Plant derived; Chamaecyparis obtusa is a conifer in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to central Japan, commonly known as Hinoki cypress or Hinoki. It is a slow-growing tree which grows to 35 m tall with a trunk up to 1 m in diameter. The bark is dark red-brown. The leaves are scale-like, 2-4 mm long, blunt tipped (obtuse), green above, and green below with a white stomatal band at the base of each scale-leaf. The cones are globose, 8-12 mm diameter, with 8-12 scales arranged in opposite pairs. The related Chamaecyparis pisifera (Sawara Cypress) can be readily distinguished in its having pointed tips to the leaves and smaller cones.

Ho Leaf: Plant Derived; Ho Leaf has recently been used as a replacement for (endangered) Rosewood Essential Oil because of their similar chemical properties. It is known to be both stimulating and relaxing to the mind. Ho Leaf is grounding, calming, comforting and valuable during meditation. It is also reported to have anti-depressant, anti-microbial, anti-septic, aphrodisiac, and bactericidal properties.

Honey: Bees; Humectant. Soothes irritated skin. A natural skin softener used in formulation as an emollient, humectant! Honey is anti-fungal and anti-bacterial, suggesting that it contains anti-microbial ingredients. It offers high levels of hydrogen peroxide. Peroxide stimulates white blood cells that initiate the body’s immune response to infection. Honey contains other significant amounts of vitamins, including vitamin C and trace amounts of iron, copper, manganese, calcium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus and magnesium, all possibly adding to Honey’s wound healing effect. Some Scientists even suggest that adding honey (or sugar) into sterile butter or margarine will provide home remedy for cuts and scrapes as effective as anything on the market.

Honeysuckle: Plant; Anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, astringent, and an excellent cleanser and purifier. Also helps soften and smooth the skin.

Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Extract: Plant; Relaxant, skin softener, anti-microbial.

Horse Chestnut (Aesculuc Hippocastanum): Plant; Provides aescin, a saponin that has been shown to support healthy circulation. Aescin promotes healthy tone to the veins of the lower extremities. Helps prevent cellulitis. The astringent tannins, flavonoids and saponins combine to tone and strengthen vein walls, which, in turn, strengthen the outer skin and help reduce the appearance of broken capillaries. Anti-inflammatory.

Horse Tail: Plant; A natural astringent, it is very high in silica, which helps to soften, heal and smooth the skin. It helps strengthen vein and capillary walls and is rich in a variety of minerals.

Horsetail (Equisetum Arvense) Extract: Plant; Tonic for hair care preparations. Astringent for skin care. Contains silicic acid and silicates which are good for nails, hair and skin.

Humectant: Used to retain moisture. Using a natural humectant in a cosmetic product helps speed moisturization to the skin.

Hyaluronic Acid: A chemical ingredient that helps skin hold on to moisture. It is the body's natural lubricantand part of the natural moisturizing factor. Collagen and elastin supporter. A protein occurring in the skin that appears to bind water in the interstitial spaces between skin cells while it forms a gel-like substance to hold these cells together.

Hydrocortisone: A hormone from the adrenal gland. Synthesized for medical use, particularly for application to inflamed skin. It can adversely affect the skin by damaging the collagen of the connective tissues.

Hydrolyzed Animal Protein: Appears in many shampoos. Improves hair, repairs spilt ends, and gives luster to the hair.

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein: Plant derived; A naturally derived vegetable protein produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of soy flour. It increases the skin’s moisture binding capabilities, while smoothing and minimizing roughness and wrinkles. Used in hair care, it helps enhance gloss and texture, increase moisture retention, and improve body and manageability.

Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein: Plant derived; A naturally derived vegetable protein produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat gluten. It has conditioning, moisturizing and film-forming properties. A very effective moisturizer and plant derived replacement for hydrolyzed animal protein.

Hydrophilic: Cosmetic ingredient that will attract moisture to the skin.

Hydroxyethylcellulose: Plant derived; Film former with protective properties. Water retention aid, emulsion stabilizer, aqueous viscosity increasing agent.

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose: Plant derived; Film former, lather enhancer, thickening agent, emulsion stabilizer, lubricant.

Hypericum Extract: Plant derived; Also known as St. John's Wort. An extract of the leaves of the stem of the Hypericum Perforatum which is known for its ability to purify and soothe the skin.

Imidazolidinyl Urea: Commonly used cosmetic preservative. Can cause contact dermatitis.

In Vitro: Experiments carried out in an artificial environment, outside of living organisms.

In Vivo: Within a living organism, as opposed to in vitro.

Infusion: The addition of an herb or other natural substance to an oil or other liquid to extract the fragrance or flavor into that liquid.

Iodine: Plant derived; Nonmetallic element. Occurs in seawater and in plants and animals that grow in the sea. When applied topically, it has antiseptic benefits.

Irish Moss: Plant; Also known as carrageenan. A seaweed that looks like moss which is used as a soothing emollient. Brownish purple algae that grows attached to rocks at low tide marks. It is a rich source of the emollient and moisture binding substance carageenan, and many micro-nutrients.

Iron Oxides: Mineral; Compounds of iron that are used as colorings in some cosmetics. Also known as jewelers' rouge or rust. A naturally occurring compound of iron and oxygen. Used as a natural colorant.

Isopropyl Alcohol: Synthetic; Artificial fatty alcohol. Used as an antiseptic, a solvent, a rubbing alcohol, and as a source for acetone.

Isopropyl Lanolate, Laurate, Oleate, Palmitate, Stearate, And Isostearate: These are esters of isopropyl alcohol and various fatty acids.

Isopropyl Myristate: Synthetic; This synthetic chemical is used to reduce the greasy feel caused by the high oil content of other ingredients.

Ivy: Plant; Antibacterial and soothing, especially for burned skin. A vasoconstrictor that helps diminish redness and blotchiness, and lower tissue sensitivity. Also helps reduce and prevent excess water retention in the skin’s tissues, and decrease the appearance of cellulite.

Ivy Extract: Plant derived; An extract of the climbing plant. Used for its anti-septic properties.

Jasmine: Plant; Moisturizing, and calming. Excellent for dry, sensitive and mature skin.

Jasmine Oil: Plant derived; Often used as a source of perfume. The oil is considered antidepressant and relaxing, and is used externally to soothe dry or sensitive skin.

Jojoba Beads: Plant derived; Free-flowing spheres made from natural jojoba ester. Used as a body/facial scrub, the microspheres have no jagged edges to leave micro-laceration in the skin the way walnut shell, pumice or polyethene in other facial scrubs can.

Jojoba Butter And Oil: Plant derived; Extracted from the edible seeds of the desert shrub Simondsia californica. Used as a lubricant and hair conditioner. Often used in shampoos, moisturizers, and sunscreens. May cause allergic reactions.

Jojoba Oil/ Jojoba Wax: Plant derived; (Technically a thick, waxy oil) The “wax” is a semi-solid fraction of jojoba oil in the form of tiny, smooth “beads”. Used in facial and body scrubs for their gentle polishing action, they slowly melt on the skin, releasing their moisturizing properties. The oil is expressed from the vanilla shaped beans found on shrubs in the arid deserts of southwest America. A plant oil most similar to skin’s own sebum; it can effectively penetrate the skin because of its small molecular size. A natural cellular renewal ingredient.

Juniper Berry Essential Oil: Plant derived; Beneficial for oily, congested, and acneic skin. Also helps treat dermatitis, seborrhea of the scalp, and dermatitis. Astringent, antiseptic, healing, and purifying, it helps ease a wide variety of skin conditions and inflammation.

Juniper Extract: Plant derived; Extract obtained from the sweet pulp of the juniper berry. Works as a natural skin and hair freshener, and has anti-itching qualities.

Juniper Oil: Plant derived; Has a slightly warming effect on the skin and is thought to promote removal of waste products from underlying tissues. Effectively tones skin.

Kaolin: Mineral; Moisture absorbent. Oil absorbent. Skin protectant. A very fine white “China” clay with drawing and tightening properties that gently absorbs surface oil secreted by the skin. It can stimulate circulation deep into the capillaries.Used in manufacturing high-grade porcelain, paper, paint, cloth, soaps, and many powdered and covering cosmetics. It's also used for its dehydrating and astringent effect.

Kelp: Plant; Seaweed and kelp contain those same vital nutrients, trace elements, and amino acids present in human blood plasma. Because of this, they can penetrate the skin more readily than most other ingredients. Minerals from these algae are rich in anti-oxidants, vitamins, and mucilage that can protect, hydrate and soften the skin.

Keratin: Plant derived; This insoluble albumoid (fiber protein) can be found in horny tissues like the hair and nails. High in sulfur, it's quite strong, but it is subject to chemical penetration.

Ketones: Synthetic; These odorous substances, used in nail polish removers, are toxic.

Kojic Acid: Plant derived; Derived from sugar mold. It is a tyrosinase inhibitor that helps slow the production of melanin. It lightens discoloration, inhibits UV caused irritation, and promotes healing.A natural skin lightener from a mushroom extract, with a remarkable ability to fade age spots & lighten skin complexion , a gentle alternative to drug-like hydroquinone. Not as strong as Licorice PTH for fading specific spots or splotches, but more suitable in whitening over-all skin complexion. No known side effect for extended use.

Kukui Nut Oil: Plant derived; From the Hawaiian kukui nut, it is very emollient, very moisturizing. High in vitamins A, E & F, it revitalizes, rejuvenates and softens the skin.

Labeling: The Cosmetic Labeling Act ( Fair packaging and labeling act ) marked a major step in helping consumers become aware of what they put into their hair and rub onto their faces. Passed April 14, 1977, it requires that ingredients be listed, in descending order of concentration, on the labels of most cosmetics. Soap, however, excluded, and flavors, fragrances and trade secrets don't have to be listed specifically.

Lactic Acid: One of the five most beneficial AHAs, it is naturally occurring in milk fermentation. A mild exfoliant that helps reduce wrinkles and improve the skin’s texture. Very softening and moisturizing.Naturally occurs in products made by bacterial fermentation. Produces pH levels like those of the hair and skin. It also helps moisturize the skin naturally.

Lactose Peroxidase & Glucose Oxidaise: One part of this enzyme system is extracted from milk whey lactose peroxidase), the other (glucose oxidase) is a naturally occurring nutritional carbohydrate sourced from microbial culture. These natural enzymes work together to prevent spoilage and bacterial growth in natural formulas.

Lake Colors: Synthetic; These solid forms of dyes are made by mixing liquid dye with an insoluble powder like aluminum oxide. They may be natural, but they're usually manufactured and are made from coal tar.

Laminaria Digitata: Plant; A giant kelp rich in iodine and other trace elements and co-enzymes which makes it valuable as a skin supplement for normalizing cellular functions.

Lanolin: Animal; This yellow, semisolid, fatty discharge from sheep's wool is used as an emulsifier, a base, and an ointment. There have been some reports of allergic reactions.

L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): Vitamin; Vitamin C acid is a powerful anti-oxidant and inhibitor of melanin formation. Stimulates collagen production, promotes healthy looking skin. By itself, this ingredient is very unstable, but once stabilized as an integral part of the C-complex in the formula, it becomes bio-available to the skin, when applied.

Lauramide Dea: This white, waxy, nonionic, artificial chemical is used in shampoos, bubble baths, and detergents as a surfactant and foam-builder. It may be mildly irritating to the skin.

Lauryl Alcohol: This fatty alcohol, often derived from coconut oil, is used to make anionic surfactants. It may be natural or man-made.

Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) Flowers: Plant; Antiseptic, calming, improves circulation.

Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) Water: Plant; Antiseptic, calming, improves circulation.

Lavender Essential Oil: Plant derived; A rainbow of beneficial rewards for the skin. It is astringent, calming, cleansing, moisturizing, softening, rejuvenating…and soothing with anti-bacterial properties.

Lavendin Essential Oil: Plant derived; A hybrid plant developed in 1900 by crossing true lavender (L. angustifolia) with spike lavender or aspic (L. latifolia). It has a light floral aroma, similar to Lavender, just sharper. It is anti-inflammatory, eases tension, and is excellent for wound healing.

Lecinol S10: Natural lecithin forms liposome, the most common phospholipid found in all layers of skin, makes skin soft & supple.

Lecithin: Used as an emulsifier and surfactant. High in the B vitamins choline and inositol. It's found in egg yolk and manufactured from soy oil. Present in all living cells, it is a waxy oil derived from soybeans and eggs that has great water binding abilities, and acts as an anti-oxidant, and emulsifier.

Lemon: Plant; Antibacterial, softening, anti-wrinkle, anti-oxidant, antiseptic. Percentage of AHAs

Lemon Essential Oil: Plant derived; Expressed from the outer rind of the lemon, it acts as a mild bleach that can brighten dull skin and calm redness. Naturally astringent, antiseptic and bactericidal; abundant in vitamins A, B & C.

Lemon Verbena: Plant derived; A deciduous perennial shrub native to Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and Peru. This plant was brought to Europe by the Spanish in the 17th century. It grows to a height of 1 to 3 metres and exudes a powerful lemony scent. It prefers full sun, a lot of water, and a light loam soil, and is sensitive to cold. The light green leaves are lancet-shaped, and its tiny flowers bloom lavender or white in August or September.

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Schoenanthus): Plant; Cleansing agent. Astringent, stimulant, toner. Anti-microbial. Antioxidant.

Lemongrass Essential Oil: Plant derived; Distilled from the grassy herb of the same name; it purifies, and hydrates. Has antibacterial, anti-oxidant and cleansing action.

Licorice Pth: Plant derived; Specially purified extract of licorice root, with high percentage of the glabridin component, effective in inhibiting melanin production, responsible for the dark pigmentation of the skin. Laboratory studies indicate this concentrate to be 7 times more effective than drug-like hydroquinone, commonly used by dermatologists for skin whitening.

Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) Root: Plant; Soothing, anti-inflammmatory, anti-allergic, antibacterial, antioxidant. Rebalances dermal cells & helps reduce the formation of melanin, (pigment that gives skin color). Offers significant healing effects, plus firming, soothing, emollient and anti-bacterial benefits.

Lime Essential Oil: Plant derived; Antiseptic, astringent, bactericidal, restorative and refreshing; high in vitamins A, B & C.

Lime Oil: Plant derived; Shares many qualities with lemon oil. Has many antiseptic and restorative properties.

Limnanthis Alba Oil: Plant derived; From the seeds of the one year old Limnanthis alba plants of Oregon. Its 97% fatty acid content and small molecular structure make it one of the most penetrating oils available in skin care…and…it is one of the most stable lipids known. This oil has a beautiful “slip”.

Linden Extract: Plant derived; From the flowers of the Linden tree. The flowers contain essential oils which are celebrated for their brightening and soothing qualities.

Linoleic Acid: Plant derived; Essential fatty acid, found in cold pressed oils, used as an emulsifier in cosmetics.

Lipids: These materials are soluble in alcohol (and other solvents) but not in water. Includes fatty acids, fats, waxes, fixed oils, phosphatides, cerebrosides, and sometimes steroids and carotenoids. Along with proteins and carbohydrates, lipids constitute the structure of cells. When used on the skin, they have a moisturizing and cream action.

Liposomes: Microscopic sacs obtained from natural or synthetic sources. Because these can easily penetrate the skin, in lotions and creams liposomes are used to deliver substances, contained within the sac, to internal skin layers. Hollow spherical phospholipids are used to encapsulate both water and oil soluble ingredients. Liposomes enter deep within the skin structure, slowly releasing their properties. They allow cosmetic ingredients that normally would not be absorbed to penetrate the skin.

Locust Bean Gum: Plant derived; The locust bean has been known for its thickening properties since ancient times. It is produced by milling the seeds of the carob tree, and also has moisturizing, regenerating and smoothing properties.

Lycopene: Plant derived; Abundant in the red flesh and skin of the tomato. It appears in very high concentration when tomatoes are processed…and is the most active carotenoid (one of nature’s most important anti-oxidant families) in terms of anti-oxidant activity. It appears to strengthen cellular integrity and function. (Lycopene is one of the top 3 carotenoids found in human tissue and blood plasma). It is more than twice as powerful as beta-carotene at quenching free radicals.

Macadamia Nut Oil: Plant derived; A very beneficial oil for dry, mature skins. It has a high palmitoleic oil content, which decreases in the skin as we age. This emollient oil penetrates easily and helps products glide on the skin.

Magnesium: Mineral; A lightweight mineral occurring in nature. It is especially abundant in specific varieties of sea algae and salts from the sea. Magnesium helps re-mineralize and soothe the skin.

Magnesium Aluminum Silicate: Mineral; Flaky white solid. Used as a filler and thickener in cosmetics. Especially used in antiperspirants, creams, and shaving creams.

Magnesium Stearate: Mineral; Used as a filler in cosmetics.

Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salts): Mineral; Detoxicant. Helps remove built-up dirt and soap film. Soothes scalp irritation.

Mandarin Essential Oil: Plant derived; Antiseptic, cleansing, toning and anti-bacterial. One of the oils that is safe to use during pregnancy. It is also useful for treating acne, oily skin and to reduce excess fluid retention and obesity.

Manganese: Mineral; A mineral occurring abundantly in mineral mud, sea salts and specific sea plants. It is soothing and calming to the skin.

Mango Butter: Plant derived; Extracted from the fruit kernels of the Mango Tree. This rich butter is known for its emollient, hydrating, and healing properties. It softens and protects dry skin, and is especially useful for renewing skin suffering from the effects of sun or wind.

Marigold: Plant; See Calendula.

Marshmallow (Althaea Officinalis): Plant; Anti-inflammatory. Emollient. Skin softening and soothing. A soothing and healing herb that benefits chapped, dry and irritated skin. It is also beneficial in the treatment of wounds, burns, skin inflammation, insect bites, and bruises.

May Chang: Plant derived; A small tropical tree with fragrant, lemongrass-scented leaves and flowers. The small fruits that it produces are similar to peppers, from which the name 'cubeba' is derived. The essential oil is chemically similar to lemongrass Melissa and other oils rich in citral, and the therapeutic effects are similar to Lemongrass.

Mea: Monoethanolamine. See alkyloamides.

Meadowfoam (Limnanthes Al

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